UCDavis University of California

Education

• B.S., Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle
• D.V.M., School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis
• Ph.D., Endocrinology, Graduate Group in Endocrinology, University of California, Davis (Area of specialization - Pharmacology)

Research Interests

Dr. Peter Havel received a Doctorate of Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M.) and a Ph.D. in Endocrinology from the University of California at Davis. He is a currently a Professor with joint appointments in the Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Nutrition. Dr. Havel is investigating the regulation of energy homeostasis and carbohydrate/lipid metabolism, and the involvement of endocrine systems in the pathophysiology of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. His laboratory is studying the mechanisms regulating the secretion of pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormones and the production of the adipocyte hormones, including leptin and adiponectin. Biochemical and molecular studies are conducted using in vitro systems and the role of endocrine, metabolic, and dietary factors in regulating energy balance, insulin action, and lipid/carbohydrate metabolism is examined in vivo in animals and humans. A major focus of the research is the interaction of diet composition (such as dietary fat and fructose) with the endocrine regulation of energy balance in the development and progression of obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia/atherosclerosis, including studies in animal models and clinical studies in humans. His research team is conducting studies on the prevention and treament of diabetes in a new rat model of type 2 diabetes developed in his laboratory. Dr. Havel and his collaborators are also investigating the effects of bariatric surgery procedures on gastrointestinal, pancreatic and adipocyte hormones and how these endocrine changes are involved in the improvements of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism observed after bariatiric surgery.

• Professional Membership
• American Diabetes Association
• American Physiological Society
• American Society for Clinical Nutrition
• American Society for Nutritional Sciences
• American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery
• The Endocrine Society
• The Obesity Society

• Editorial Boards
• Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
• Endocrinology
• American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
• American Journal of Physiology, Regulatory, Integrative, and Comparative Physiology
• International Journal of Obesity
• Metabolic Syndrome and Relaed Disorders

• Awards
• Outstanding Investigator Award, American Federation for Medical Research (1999)
• Shih-Chun Wang Award for excellence in physiology research - American Physiological Society (2000)
• Academic Federation Award for Excellence in Research, University of California, Davis (2003).
• Professional Award for original research in Human Nutrition from Grupo Bimbo Panamericano (Mexico City, 2007).

Selected Publications

• Original Research Articles:
• Mueller, Wendy, Gregoire, Francine, Stanhope, Kimber, Mobbs, Charles V., Mizuno, Tooru M., Warden, Craig H., Stern, Judith S., and Peter J. Havel. Evidence that glucose metabolism regulates leptin secretion from cultured rat adipocytes. Endocrinology 139: 551-558, 1998.
• Havel, Peter J., Uriu-Hare, Janet Y., Liu, Tina, Stanhope, Kimber L., Stern, Judith S., Keen, Carl L., and Bo Ahren. Rapid and marked decreases of circulating leptin in streptozotocin diabetic rats: Reversal by insulin. Am. J. Physiol. 274: R1482-R1491, 1998.
• Keim, Nancy L., Stern, Judith S., and Peter J. Havel. Relationship between circulating leptin concentrations and appetite during prolonged moderate energy restriction in women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.  68: 794-801, 1998.
• Havel, Peter J., Townsend, Raymond, Chaump, Leslie, and Karen Teff. High fat meals reduce 24 h circulating leptin concentrations in women. Diabetes 48: 334-341, 1999.  
• Ahren Bo, and Peter J. Havel. Leptin increases circulating glucose, insulin, and glucagon via sympathetic neural activation in fasted mice. Int. J. Obesity 23: 660-665, 1999.
• Ahren, Bo, and Peter J. Havel. Leptin inhibits insulin secretion induced by cellular cAMP in a pancreatic ß cell line (INS-1 cells). Am. J. Physiol. (Regulatory, Int., Comp. Physiol.) 277: R959-R966, 1999.
• D’Alessio, David, Kieffer, Timothy J., Taborsky, Gerald J., and Peter J. Havel. Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system contributes to meal-induced insulin secretion in rhesus macaques. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86: 1253-1259, 2001.
• Teff, Karen, Sharon S. Elliott, Matthias Tschoep, Timothy J. Kieffer, Daniel Rader, Mark Heiman, Raymond R. Townsend, Nancy L. Keim, David D’Alessio and Peter J. Havel. Dietary fructose reduces circulating insulin and leptin, attenuates postprandial suppression of ghrelin and increases triglycerides in women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89: 2963-2972, 2004.
• Quinn, LeBris S., Lena Strait-Bodey, Josep M. Argilés, and Peter J. Havel. Interleukin-15 stimulates adiponectin secretion by 3T3-L1 adipocytes: Evidence for a skeletal muscle-to-fat signaling pathway. Cell Biology International 29: 449-457, 2005.
• Griffen, Steven C., Kimberly Oostema, Kimber L. Stanhope, James Graham, Dennis Styne, Nicole Glaser, David Cummings, Matthew Connors and Peter J. Havel.  Administration of Lispro insulin with meals improves glycemic control, increases circulating leptin, and suppresses ghrelin compared with regular/ NPH insulin in female patients with type-1 diabetes. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91: 485-491, 2006. 
• Swarbrick, Michael M., Iselin Austrheim-Smith, Kimber L. Stanhope, Marta Van Loan, Mohamed Ali, Bruce Wolfe, and Peter J. Havel. Circulating concentrations of high molecular weight adiponectin multimers increase following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Diabetologia 49: 2552-2558, 2006.
• Maria J. Moreno-Aliaga, Michael M. Swarbrick, Kimber L. Stanhope, Peter J. Havel, and J. Alfredo Martínez.  Sp1-Mediatated transcription is involved in the induction of leptin by insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 38: 537-546, 2007.
• Stanhope, Kimber L., Steven C. Griffen, Brandi Bair, Michael M. Swarbrick, Nancy L. Keim, and Peter J. Havel. Twenty-four hour endocrine and metabolic profiles following consumption of high fructose corn syrup-, sucrose- fructose-, and glucose-sweetened beverages with meals. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 87: 1194-1203, 2008.
• Adams, Sean H., Kimber L. Stanhope, Ryan W. Grant, Bethany P. Cummings, and Peter J. Havel. Metabolic and endocrine profiles in response to systemic infusion of fructose and glucose in rhesus macaques. Endocrinology 149: 3002-3008, 2008.
• Swarbrick, Michael M., Iselin T. Austrheim-Smith, Kimber L. Stanhope, Marta D. Van Loan,  Mohamed R. Ali, Bruce M. Wolfe, and Peter J. Havel. Longitudinal changes of pancreatic and adipocyte hormones following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Diabetologia, 51: 1901-1911, 2008.
• Cummings, Bethany P.  Erin K. Digitale, Kimber L. Stanhope, James L. Graham, Steven C. Griffen, and Peter J. Havel. Development and Characterization of a Novel Rodent Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The UC Davis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (UCD-T2DM) Rat. Am. J. Physiol. (Regul. Integrative Comp. Physiol.) 285: R1782-R1793, 2008.
• Swarbrick, Michael M., Peter J. Havel, Arthur A. Levin, Kimber L. Stanhope, Madeline Butler, Sheri Booten, Robert A. Mckay, Susan F. Murray, Lynnetta M. Watts, Brett P. Monia, and Sanjay Bhanot. Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP-1B) with antisense oligonucleotides improves insulin sensitivity and increases total adiponectin concentrations in monkeys. Endocrinology, 150: 1670-1679, 2009.
• Teff, Karen L. Joanne Grudziak, Raymond R. Townsend, Tamara N. Dunn, Sean H. Adams, Nancy L. Keim, Bethany P. Cummings, Kimber L. Stanhope, and Peter J. Havel. Endocrine and metabolic effects of consuming fructose- and glucose-sweetened beverages with meals in obese men and women: Influence of insulin resistance on plasma triglyceride responses. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 94: 1562-1569, 2009.
• Stanhope, Kimber L., Nancy L. Keim, Steven C. Griffen, Andrew A. Bremer, James L. Graham, Bonnie Hatcher, Chad Cox, John P. McGahan, Anthony Seibert, Ronald M. Krauss Sally Chiu, Ernst J. Schaefer, Masumi Ai, Seiko Otokozawa, Katsuyuki Nakajima, Takamitsu Nakano, Carine Beysen, Jean Marc Schwarz, Marc K. Hellerstein, Lars Berglund, and Peter J. Havel. Effects of consuming fructose- or glucose-sweetened beverages for 10 weeks on lipids, insulin sensitivity, and adiposity. J. Clin. Invest. 119: 1322-1344, 2009.
• Asztalos, Bela F., Michael M. Swarbrick, Ernst J. Schaefer, Gerard E. Dallal, Katalin V. Horvath, Masumi Ai, Kimber L. Stanhope, Bruce M. Wolfe, Mohamed Ali, and Peter J. Havel. Effects of weight loss following gastric bypass surgery on HDL remodeling. J. Lipid. Res., Epub ahead of print, 2009. 
• Cummings, Bethany P., Kimber L. Stanhope, James L. Graham, Joseph L. Evans, Denis G. Baskin, Steven C. Griffen, and Peter J. Havel. Dietary Fructose Accelerates the Development of Diabetes in UCD-T2DM Rats: Amelioration by the Antioxidant, _-Lipoic Acid. Am. J. Physiol. (Regul. Integrative Comp. Physiol.) 2010 Feb. 10 [Epub ahead of print].
• Cummings, Bethany P., April D. Strader, Kimber L. Stanhope, James L. Graham, Jennifer Lee, Helen E. Raybould, Denis G. Baskin, and Peter J. Havel. Ileal interposition surgery increases circulating GLP-1 and PYY responses, improves glucose and lipid metabolism and delays diabetes onset in the UCD-T2DM rat. Gastroenterology, In Press, 2010.
• Book Chapters and Review Articles:
• Havel. Peter J.  Update on Adipocyte Hormones: Regulation of Energy Balance and Carbohydrate/ Lipid Metabolism. Diabetes 53 (Suppl. 1):S143-S151, 2004.
• Keim, Nancy L, Roy J. Levin, and Peter J. Havel. Carbohydrates p 62-82. In: Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease (10th Edition). Ed. A.C. Ross. Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins, 2005.
• Havel, Peter J. Dietary Fructose: Implications for Dysregulation of Energy Homeostasis and Lipid/Carbohydrate Metabolism. Nutrition Reviews 63: 133-157, 2005.
• Stanhope, Kimber L. and Peter J. Havel. Fructose Consumption: Potential Mechanisms for its Effects to Increase Visceral Adiposity and Induce Dyslipidemia and Insulin Resistance. Current Opinion in Lipidology 19: 16-24, 2008.
• Stanhope, Kimber L. and Peter J. Havel. Endocrine and metabolic effects of consuming beverages sweetened with fructose, glucose, sucrose, or high fructose corn syrup. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 88: 1733S-1737S, 2008.
• Swarbrick, Michael M. and Peter J. Havel. Physiological, pharmacological, and nutritional regulation of circulating adiponectin concentrations in humans. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, 6: 87-102, 2008.
• Stanhope, Kimber L. and Peter J. Havel. Fructose consumption: Considerations for future research of its effects on adipose distribution, lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in humans. J. Nutr., 139: 1236S-1241S, 2009.
• Stanhope, Kimber L. and Peter J. Havel. Fructose consumption: Recent results and their potential implications. Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 1190: 15-24, 2010.
• Havel, Peter J. and Andrew A. Bremer. Endocrine Regulation of Energy Homeostasis: Implications for Obesity and Diabetes. In: Obesity. Eds. M. S. Ríos, J. M. Ordovás & J. A. Gutiérrez-Fuentes. McGraw Hill, In Press, 2010.