Kenneth H. Brown

  • Professor, Department of Nutrition
  • Nutritionist in Agricultural Experiment Station

3253C Meyer

(530) 752-1992

khbrown@ucdavis.edu

Email

Education

  • B.A. Columbia University
  • M.D. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
  • Pediatrics Residency, Boston Children's Hospital Medical Center
  • Clinical Fellow in Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD and Dhaka, Bangladesh

Research Interests

Dr. Brown´s research program includes investigation of the causes, complications, treatment, and prevention of childhood malnutrition in lower-income countries, focusing primarily on issues of infant and young child feeding (breast feeding and complementary feeding), relationships between infection and nutrition, and control of specific micronutrient deficiencies, including zinc, iron and vitamin A. Current research projects are examining:

  1. The role of zinc and other micronutrients in the prevention and treatment of infection
  2. The appropriate dose, delivery vehicle, and distribution platform of zinc for large-scale supplementation and fortification programs
  3. The ability of bio-fortified staple foods to provide zinc and vitamin A

Studies are currently being conducted in Bangladesh and several countries in West Africa. Dr. Brown is also serving as the Regional Advisor for Nutrition and Child Survival for Helen Keller International in Africa, where he is involved in the design and evaluation of large-scale nutrition intervention programs.

Dr. Brown has also participated in a number of expert advisory committees, professional societies, and editorial boards of nutrition journals. He is currently the Chair of the International Zinc Consultative Group, a former member of the Committee on International Nutrition of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and Past President of the Society for International Nutrition Research. He has received the International Award for Modern Nutrition, the Kellogg International Nutrition Research Prize, the E.B. McCollum Award of the American Society for Clinical Nutrition, and the UC Davis Distinguished Scholarly Public Service Award.

Publications

  • Dickin KL, Brown KH, Fagbule D, Adedoyin M, Gittelsohn J, Esrey SA, Oni GA. Effect of diarrhea on dietary intake by infants and young children in rural villages of Kwara State, Nigeria. Europ J Clin Nutr 1990;44:307-317.
  • Penny ME, Paredes P, Brown KH, Laughan B, Smith H. Lack of a role of the duodenal micro flora in pathogenesis of persistent diarrhea and diarrhea-related malabsorption in Peruvian children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1990;9:479-487.
  • Creed de Kanashiro H, Brown KH, Lopez de Romaña G, Lopez T, Black RE. Consumption of food and nutrients by infants in Huascar (Lima), Peru. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:995-1004.
  • Brown KH, Stallings RY, Creed de Kanashiro H, Lopez de Romaña G, Black RE. Effects of common illnesses on infants' energy intakes from breast milk and other foods during longitudinal community-based studies in Huascar (Lima), Peru. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:1005-1013
  • Oni GA, Brown KH, Bentley ME, Dickin KL, Kayode B, Alade I. Feeding practices and prevalence of hand-feeding of infants and young children in Kwara State, Nigeria. Ecol Food Nutr 1990;25:1-11.
  • Brown KH. Epidemiological relationship between malnutrition and chronic diarrhea in infants and children. In: Lifschitz CH, Nichols B, eds, Malnutrition in Chronic Diet-Associated Infantile Diarrhea: Diagnosis and Management. San Diego: Academic Press, pp 209-234, 1990.
  • Penny ME, Paredes Solari P, Brown KH. The small intestinal micro flora in persistent postenteritis diarrhea: a comparative study of Peruvian shantytown children. In: Lifschitz CH, Nichols B, eds, Malnutrition in Chronic Diet-Associated Infantile Diarrhea: Diagnosis and Management. San Diego: Academic Press, pp 361-365, 1990.
  • Nichols BL, Brown KH, Molla AM. Future research priorities. In: Lifschitz CH, Nichols B, eds, Malnutrition in Chronic Diet-Associated Infantile Diarrhea: Diagnosis and Management. San Diego: Academic Press, pp 443-449, 1990.
  • Brown KH. The Dietary Management of Diarrhea With Special Reference to Children in Less-Developed Countries. In: Finberg L, ed, Acute Gastroenteritis in Children, Wyeth-Ayerst Nutritional Seminar Series, Vol 1, No 3. Princeton: Excerpta Medica, pp 38-49, 1990.
  • Brown KH, Black RE. Idiopathic prolonged diarrhea. In: Walker WA, Durie PR, Hamilton JR, Walker-Smith JA and Watkins JB, eds, Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease. Philadelphia: BC Decker Inc, pp 733-737, 1990.
  • Saavedra JM, Brown KH. Use of a non-absorbable marker and single random stool samples to measure intestinal absorption of macronutrients in infants and children. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53:790-794.
  • Kanashiro HC, Fukumoto M, Bentley ME, Jacoby E, Verzosa C, Brown KH. Use of recipe trials and anthropological techniques for the development of a home-prepared weaning food in the Central Highlands of Peru. J Nutr Educ 1991;23:30-35.
  • Brown KH. Dietary management of acute childhood diarrhea: optimal timing of feeding and appropriate use of milks and mixed diets. J Pediatr 1991;118(Suppl): S92-S98.
  • Alarcon P, Montoya R, Perez F, Dongo JW, Peerson J, Brown KH. Clinical trial of home available, mixed diets versus a lactose-free, soy-protein formula for the dietary management of acute childhood diarrhea. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1991;12:224-232.
  • Brown KH, Perez F, Gastañaduy AS. Clinical trial of modified whole milk, lactose-hydrolyzed whole milk, or cereal-milk mixtures for the dietary management of acute childhood diarrhea. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1991;12:340-350.
  • Becker S, Black RE, Brown KH. Relative effects of diarrhea, fever, and dietary energy intake on weight gain in rural Bangladeshi children. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53:1499-1503.
  • Brown KH, Solomons NW. Nutritional problems of developing countries. Inf Dis Clin NA 1991;5:297-317.
  • Brown KH. Appropriate diets for the rehabilitation of malnourished children in the community setting. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 1991;374:151-159.
  • Cogswell ME, Oni GA, Stallings RY, Brown KH. Socio-demographic and clinical factors affecting recognition of childhood diarrhea by mothers in Kwara State, Nigeria. Soc Sci Med 1991;33:1209-1216.
  • Bentley ME, Dickin KL, Mebrahtu S, Brown KH, Oni GA, Kayode B, Verzosa CC, Idowu JR. Development of a nutritionally adequate and culturally appropriate weaning food in Kwara State, Nigeria: an interdisciplinary approach. Soc Sci Med 1991;33:1103-1111.
  • Brown KH, Lake A. Appropriate use of human and non-human milks for the dietary management of children with diarrhea. J Diarrheal Dis Res 1991;9:168-185.
  • Brown KH. The importance of dietary quality versus quantity for weanlings in less developed countries: a framework for discussion. Food Nutr Bull 1991;13:86-94.
  • Huffman SL, Lopez de Romaña G, Madrid S, Brown KH, Bentley M, Black RE. Do child feeding practices change due to diarrhoea in the central Peruvian highlands? J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 1991;9:295-300.
  • Sanchez-Griñan MI, Peerson JM, Brown KH. Effect of dietary energy density on total ad-libitum energy consumption by recovering malnourished children. Europ J Clin Nutr 1992;46:197-204.
  • Brown KH, Dewey KG. Relationships between maternal nutritional status and milk energy output of women in developing countries. In: Picciano MF, Lönnerdal B (eds), Mechanisms Regulating Lactation and Infant Nutrient Utilization. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1992, pp 77-95, 1992.
  • Piwoz EG, Peerson JM, Brown KH. Potential for misclassification of infants' growth increments by using existing reference data. Am J Clin Nutr 56:58-64, 1992.
  • Garza C, Black RE, Brown KH, Cash RA, Harper JM, Keusch G, Pelto GH. Nutrition Issues in Developing Countries, Part I: Diarrheal Diseases. Subcommittee on Nutrition and Diarrheal Diseases Control, Committee on International Nutrition Programs, Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, pp 1-69, 1992.
  • Becker S, Black RE, Brown K. Synergy and interaction among childhood infectious diseases: an example from Bangladesh. In: Hill K (ed), Child Health Priorities for the 1990s. Baltimore, MD: Institute for International Programs, The John Hopkins University, pp 293-307, 1992.
  • Alarcon P, Montoya R, Rivera J, Perez F, Peerson JM, Brown KH. Effect of inclusion of beans in a mixed diet for the treatment of Peruvian children with acute watery diarrhea. Pediatrics 1992;90:58-65.
  • Henning B, Stewart K, Zaman K, Alam AN, Brown KH, Black RE. Lack of therapeutic efficacy of vitamin A for acute non-cholera, watery diarrhoea in Bangladeshi children. Europ J Clin Nutr 1992;46:437-443
  • Lanata CF, Black RE, Creed-Kanashiro H, Lazo F, Gallardo ML, Verastegui H, Brown KH. Feeding during acute diarrhea as a risk factor for persistent diarrhea. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1992;381:98-103.
  • Lembcke JL, Brown KH. Effect of milk-containing diets on the severity and duration of childhood diarrhea. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1992;381:87-92.
  • Brown KH, Perez F. Determinants of dietary intake during childhood diarrhea and implications for appropriate nutritional therapy. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1992;381:127-132.
  • Penny ME, Brown KH. Lactose feeding during persistent diarrhoea. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1992;381:133-138.
  • Dewey KG, Peerson JM, Heinig MJ, Nommsen LA, Lönnerdal B, Lopez de Romaña G, de Kanashiro HC, Black RE, Brown KH. Growth patterns of breast-fed infants in affluent (United States) and poor (Peru) communities: implications for timing of complementary feeding. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;56:1012-1018.
  • Brown KH, Dewey KG. Slipping to scapegoating in international nutrition. A response to the Berg essay on ""sliding toward nutrition malpractice"". Am J Clin Nutr 1993;57:89-91.
  • Marquis GS, Lopez T, Peerson JM, Brown KH. Effect of dietary viscosity on energy intake by breast-fed and non-breast-fed children during and after acute diarrhea. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;57:218-223.
  • Guptill KS, Esrey SA, Oni GA, Brown KH. Evaluation of a face-to-face weaning food intervention in Kwara State, Nigeria: Knowledge, trial, and adoption of a home-prepared weaning food. Soc Sci Med 1993;36:665-672.
  • Santosham M, Duggan C, Brown KH, Greenough III WB. Management of acute diarrhea. In: Wyllie R, Hyams JS (eds), Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Co, pp 1157-1166, 1993.
  • Brown KH, Perez F, Peerson JM, Fadel J, Brunsgaard G, Ostrom KM, MacLean Jr WC. Effect of dietary fiber (soy polysaccharide) on the severity, duration, and nutritional outcome of acute, watery diarrhea in children. Pediatrics 1993;92:241-247.
  • Brown KH, Begin F. Commentary: Malnutrition among weanlings of developing countries: still a problem begging for solutions. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1993;17:132-138.
  • Brown KH, Lanata CL, Yuen ML, Peerson JM, Butron B, Lönnerdal B. Potential magnitude of the misclassification of a population's trace element status due to infection: example from a survey of young, Peruvian children. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;58:549-554.
  • Solomons NW, Mazariegos M, Brown KH, Klasing K. The underprivileged, developing country child: environmental contamination and growth failure revisited. Nutr Rev 1993;51:327-332.
  • del Aguila R, Brown KH. Manejo de la diarrhea infantil por médicos de consulta externa en el Perú. Bol Sanit Panam 1993;115:291-300.
  • Brown KH, Solomons NW. Malnutrition in developing countries. Identification and causes of malnutrition. In: Encyclopedia of Food Science, Food Technology, and Nutrition. London: Academic Press, pp 2847-2853, 1993.
  • Brown KH, Dewey KG, Pollitt E. Invited Commentary: Early child health in Lahore, Pakistan. Acta Paediatr 1993;82:894-896.
  • West KP, Brown KH, Katz J, Rohde J. Vitamin A supplementation and childhood morbidity (letter). Lancet 1993;342:1420-142.
  • Brown KH, Peerson JM, Fontaine O. Use of nonhuman milks in the dietary management of young children with acute diarrhea: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Pediatrics 1994;93:17-27.
  • Piwoz EG, Creed de Kanashiro H, Lopez de Romaña G, Black RE, Brown KH. Within- and between-individual variation in energy intakes by low-income Peruvian infants. Europ J Clin Nutr 1994;48:333-340.
  • Brown KH. Reestablishment of a section on international nutrition in the AJCN (editorial). Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59:1263-1264.
  • Maulen I, Brown KH, Acosta MA, Fernandez-Varela H. Comparison of a rice-based, mixed diet versus a lactose-free, soy-protein isolate formula for young children with acute diarrhea. J Pediatr 1994;125:699-706.
  • Piwoz EG, Black RE, Lopez de Romaña G, Creed de Kanashiro H, Brown KH. The relationship between infants' preceding appetite, illness, and growth performance and mothers' subsequent feeding practice decisions. Soc Sci Med 1994;39:851-860.
  • Brown KH. Dietary management of acute diarrheal disease: Contemporary scientific issues (invited paper). J Nutr 1994;124:1455S-1460S.
  • Cohen RJ, Brown KH, Canahuati J, Rivera LL, Dewey KG. Effects of age of introduction of complementary foods on infant breast milk intake, total energy intake, and growth: a randomized intervention study in Honduras. Lancet 1994;343:288-293.
  • Piwoz EG, Lopez de Romaña G, Creed de Kanashiro H, Black RE, Brown KH. Indicators for monitoring the growth of Peruvian infants: weight and length gain vs attained weight and length. Am J Pub Hlth 1994;84:1132-1138.
  • Grange AO, Santosham M, Ayodele B, Lesi A, Stallings RY, Brown KH. Evaluation of a maize-cowpea-palm oil diet for the dietary management of Nigerian children with acute, watery diarrhea. Acta Paediatr 1994;83:825-832
  • Schroeder DG, Brown KH. Nutritional status as a predictor of child survival: summarizing the association and quantifying its global impact. Bull WHO 1994;72:569-579.
  • Brown KH. Use of Food Aid to Reduce Childhood Malnutrition in Developing Countries. Review of sustainable development activities in U.S. foreign assistance programs. Testimony to the Subcommittee on Foreign Agriculture and Hunger of the U.S. House of Representatives. (March 1, 1994, Washington D.C.)
  • Brown KH. Feeding Sick Children. ARI News 1994;30:4-5.
  • Committee on International Nutrition, Food and Nutrition Board, Board on International Health, Institute of Medicine. Nutrition Surveys and Surveillance Activities in Russia and the Newly Independent States. Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1-72, 1994.
  • Brown KH, Bhutta ZA. Homeopathy study questions (letter). Pediatrics 1994;94:964-965.
  • Brown KH, Sanchez-Griñan M, Perez F, Peerson JM, Ganoza L, Stern JS. Effects of dietary energy density and feeding frequency on total daily energy intakes by recovering malnourished children. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;62:13-18.
  • Molina S, Vettorazzi C, Peerson JM, Solomons NW, Brown KH. Clinical trial of glucose-oral rehydration solution (ORS), rice dextrin-ORS, and rice flour-ORS for the management of children with acute diarrhea and mild or moderate dehydration. Pediatrics 1995;92:191-197.
  • Dewey KG, Peerson JM, Brown KH, Krebs NF, Michaelsen KF, Persson LA, Salmenpera L, Whitehead RG, Yeung DL. Growth of breast-fed infants deviates from current reference data: a pooled analysis of US, Canadian, and European data sets. Pediatrics 1995;96:495-503.
  • Cohen RJ, Brown KH, Canahuati J, Rivera LL, Dewey KG. Determinants of growth from birth to 12 months among breast-fed Honduran infants in relation to age of introduction to complementary foods. Pediatrics 1995;96:504-510.
  • Perez-Escamilla R, Cohen RJ, Brown KH, Rivera LL, Canahuati J, Dewey KG. Maternal anthropometric status and lactation performance in a low income Honduran population: evidence for the role of infants. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61:528-534.
  • Bentley ME, Elder J, Fukumoto M, Stallings RH, Jacoby E, Brown KH. Acute childhood diarrhoea and maternal time allocation in the Northern Central Sierra of Peru. Health Policy and Planning 1995;10:60-70.
  • Zavaleta N, Lanata C, Butron B, Peerson JM, Brown KH, Lönnerdal B. Effect of acute maternal infection on quantity and composition of breast milk. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;62:559-563.
  • Piwoz EG, Creed de Kanashiro H, Lopez de Romaña G, Black RE, Brown KH. Potential for misclassification of infants’ usual feeding practices using 24-hour dietary assessment method. J Nutr 1995;125:57-65.
  • Committee on International Nutrition, Food and Nutrition Board, Board on International Health, Institute of Medicine. Estimated mean per capita energy requirements for planning emergency food rations. Washington DC, National Academy Press, pp 1-31, 1995.
  • Committee on International Nutrition, Food and Nutrition Board, Board on International Health, Institute of Medicine. Consideration of the nutrition components of the sick child initiative. Washington DC, National Academy Press, pp 1-48, 1995.
  • Cohen RJ, Rivera LL, Canahuati J, Brown KH, Dewey KG. Delaying the introduction of complementary food until 6 months does not affect appetite or mother’s report of food acceptance of breast-fed infants from 6 to 12 months in a low income, Honduran population. J Nutr 1995;125:2787-2792.
  • Brown KH, Peerson JM, Lopez de Romaña G, Creed de Kanashiro, Black RE. Validity and epidemiology of reported poor appetite among Peruvian infants from a low-income, periurban community. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61:26-32.
  • Brown KH. Suplementación con zinc y crecimiento en niños: un meta análisis de estudios de intervención (invited author). Dieta y Salud, Vol 4, No 1 & 2, 1995.
  • Brown KH, Creed-Kanashiro H, Dewey KG. Optimal complementary feeding practices to prevent childhood malnutrition in developing countries. Food Nutr Bull 1995;16:320-339.
  • Dewey KG, Cohen RJ, Rivera LL, Canahauti J, Brown KH. Do exclusively breast-fed infants require extra protein? Pediatr Res 1996;39:303-307.
  • Piwoz EG, Creed de Kanashiro H, Lopez de Romana G, Black RE, Brown KH. Feeding practices and growth among low-income Peruvian infants: a comparison of internationally-recommended definitions. Intl J of Epidemiol 1996;25:103-113.
  • Graham GG, MacLean WC, Brown KH, Morales E, Lembcke J, Gastañaduy A. Protein requirements of infants and children: growth during recovery from malnutrition. Pediatrics 1996;97:499-505.
  • Lönnerdal B, Zavaleta N, Kusunoki L, Lanata CF, Peerson JM, Brown KH. Effect of postpartum maternal infection on proteins and trace elements in colostrum and early milk. Acta Paediatr 1996;85:537-42.
  • Allen LH, Brown KH, Coccodrilli G, Habicht J-P, Klein BP, McCabe GP, Rogers BL, Ruel MT. Committee on International Nutrition, Food and Nutrition Board, Board on International Health, Institute of Medicine. Vitamin C in Food Aid Commodities. Initial Review of a Pilot Program. Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1-62, 1996.
  • Ashraf H, Bhan MK, Bhatnagar S, Bhutta Z, Brown KH, Dung PT, Fontaine O, Garcia Aranda JA, Issani Z, Ly DT, Mahalanabis D, Mitra AK, Molla AM, Nizami SQ, Nurko S, Penny M, Singh KD, Snyder JD, Thanh PN, Thobani S, Verne E. International Working Group on Persistent Diarrhoea. Evaluation of an algorithm for the treatment of persistent diarrhoea: a multicentre study. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1996;74: 479-489.
  • Brown KH. Special issue on cereal-based oral rehydration therapy for diarrhoea. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 1996;17:93-97.
  • Vettorazzi C, Solomons NW, Brown KH, Shoemaker C. Amylase-treated rice flour oral rehydration solution with enhanced energy density. In vitro studies of viscosity, osmolality, and stability. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 1996;17:98-103.
  • Ruel MT, Dewey KG, Martínez, Flores R, Brown KH. Validation of single daytime samples of human milk to estimate the 24-h concentration of lipids in urban Guatemalan mothers. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1997;65:439-44.
  • Dewey KG, Cohen RJ, Landa Rivera L, Canahuati J, Brown KH. Effects of age at introduction of complementary foods to breast-fed infants on duration of lactational amenorrhea in Honduran women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1997;65:1403-1409.
  • Ruel MT, Dewey KG, Martínez, Flores R, Brown KH. Validation of single daytime samples of human milk to estimate the 24-h concentration of lipids in urban Guatemalan mothers. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1997;65:439-44.
  • Ruel MT, Rivera JA, Santizo M-C, Lönnerdal B, Brown KH. Impact of zinc supplementation on morbidity from diarrhea and respiratory infections among rural Guatemalan children. Pediatrics 1997;99:808-813.
  • Brown, KH. Complementary feeding in developing countries: factors affecting energy intake. Proc Nutr Soc 1997;56:139-148.
  • Haskell MJ, Handleman GJ, Peerson JM, Jones AD, Atai Rabbi M, Awal MA, Wahed MA, Mahalanabis D, Brown KH. Assessment of vitamin A status by the deuterated-retinol-dilution technique and comparison with hepatic vitamin A concentration in Bangladeshi surgical patients. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1997;66:67-74.
  • Bentley ME, Caulfield LE, Ram M, Santizo MC, Hurtado E, Rivera JA, Ruel MT, Brown KH. Zinc supplementation affects the activity patterns of rural Guatemalan infants. Journal of Nutrition 1997;127:1333-1338.
  • Lembcke JL, Peerson JM, Brown KH. Acceptability, safety, and digestibility of spray-dried bovine serum added to diets of recovering malnourished children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1997;25:381-384.
  • Allen LH, Brown KH, Coccodrilli G, Habicht J-P, Klein BP, McCabe GP, Rogers BL, Ruel MT. Committee on International Nutrition, Food and Nutrition Board, Board on International Health, Institute of Medicine. Vitamin C Fortification of Food Aid Commodities, Final Report. Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1997.
  • Dewey, KG, Cohen, RJ, Rivera LL, Brown KH.  Effects of age of introduction of complementary foods on iron status of breast-fed infants in Honduras .  American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1998;67:878-874.
  • Brown KH, Peerson JM, Allen LH. Effect of zinc supplementation on children’s growth: A meta-analysis of intervention trials. Bibliotheca Nutritio et Dieta 1998;54:76-83.
  • Rivera JA, Ruel MT, Santizo M-C, Brown KH, Lönnerdal B. Zinc supplementation improves the growth of stunted rural Guatemalan infants. J Nutr 1998;128:556-62.
  • Haskell MJ, Islam MA, Handelman GJ, Peerson JM, Jones AD, Wahed MA, Mahalanabis D, Brown KH. Plasma kinetics of an oral dose of [2H4]-retinyl acetate in human subjects with estimated low or high total body stores of vitamin A. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:90-5.
  • Brown KH. Effect of infections on plasma zinc concentration and implications for zinc status assessment in low-income countries. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:425S-429S.
  • Brown KH, Dewey KG, Allen LH. Complementary Feeding of Young Children in Developing Countries: A Review of Current Scientific Knowledge. World Health Organization (WHO/NUT/98.1), Geneva, Switzerland, 1998.
  • Mendoza C, Viteri FE, Lönnerdal B, Young KA, Raboy V, Brown KH. Effect of genetically modified low-phytate maize on absorption of iron from tortilla. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1123-1127.
  • Lartey A, Manu A, Brown KH, Dewey KG. Home, village and central processing of complementary foods: results of a pilot intervention trial in Ghana. Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Nutrition. Fitzpatrick DW, Anderson JE, L’Abbe ML (eds.). Canadian Federation of Biological Societies, Ottawa, Canada, 93-95, 1998.
  • Brown KH. Appropriate energy density and frequency of feeding of complementary foods for young children in low-income countries. Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Nutrition. Fitzpatrick DW, Anderson JE, L’Abbe ML (eds.). Canadian Federation of Biological Societies, Ottawa, Canada, 90-92, 1998.
  • Cohen RJ, Brown KH, Rivera LL, Dewey KG. Promoting exclusive breastfeeding for 4-6 months in Honduras: Attitudes of mothers and barriers to compliance. J Hum Lact 1999;15: 9-18.
  • Goto K, Chew F, Torun B, Peerson JM, Brown KH. Epidemiology of altered intestinal permeability to lactulose and mannitol in Guatemalan infants. J Pediatr Gastroentol Nutr 1999;28:282-290.
  • Kimmons JE, Brown KH, Lartey A, Collison E, Mensah PPA, Dewey KG. The effects of fermentation and/or vacuum flask storage on the presence of coliforms in complementary foods prepared for Ghanaian children. J Food Sci & Nutr 1999;50:195-201.
  • Bennett VA, Morales E, Gonzalez J, Peerson JM, Lopez de Romana G , Brown KH. Effects of dietary viscosity and energy density on total daily energy consumption by young Peruvian children. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:285-291.
  • Penny ME, Peerson JM, Marin RM, Duran A, Lanata CF, Lönnerdal B, Black RE, Brown KH. Randomized, community-based trial of the effect of zinc supplementation, with and without other micronutrients, on the duration of persistent childhood diarrhea in Lima, Peru. J Pediatr 1999;135(2):208-217.
  • Haskell MJ, Brown KH. Maternal vitamin A nutriture and the vitamin A content of human milk. J Mam Gl Biol and Neopl 1999;4:243-257.
  • Brown KH, Sharma S. Complementary feeding of infants and young children. Indian Pediatrics 1999;36: 547-554.
  • Lartey A, Manu A, Brown KH, Peerson JM, Dewey KG. A randomized, community-based trial of the effects of improved, centrally processed complementary foods on growth and micronutrient status of Ghanaian infants from 6 to 12 mo of age. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:391-404.
  • Haskell MJ, Mazumder RN, Peerson JM, Jones AD, Wahed MA, Mahalanabis D, Brown, KH. Use of the deuterated-retinol technique to assess total-body vitamin A stores of adult volunteers consuming different amounts of vitamin A. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:874-880.
  • Brown KH. Application and interpretation of commonly used nutritional assessment techniques. In: Gershwin ME, German JB, Keen CL, eds., Nutrition and Immunology: Principles and Practice. New Jersey: Humana Press, pp. 3-13, 1999.
  • Dewey KG, Cohen RJ, Brown KH, Rivera LL. Age of introduction of complementary foods and growth of term, low-birth-weight, breast-fed infants: a randomized intervention study in Honduras. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:679-86.
  • Zinc Investigators’ Collaborative Group (Bhutta ZA, Black RE, Brown KH, Meeks-Gardner J, Gore S, Hidayat A, Khatun F, Martorell R, Ninh NX, Penny ME, Rosado JL, Roy SK, Ruel M, Sazawal S, Shankar A). Prevention of diarrhea and pneumonia by zinc supplementation in children in developing countries: Pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Pediatr 1999;135: 689-97.
  • Lartey A, Manu A, Brown KH, Dewey KG. Predictors of micronutrient status among six- to twelve-month-old breast-fed Ghanaian infants. J Nutr 2000;130: 199-207.
  • Lartey A, Manu A, Brown KH, Peerson JM, Dewey KG. Predictors of growth from 1 to 18 months among breast-fed Ghanian infants. Europ J Clin Nutr 2000;54: 41-49.
  • Brown KH, Lutter CK. Potential role of processed complementary foods in the improvement of early childhood nutrition in Latin America. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 2000;21: 5-11.
  • Cohen RJ, Brown KH, Rivera LL, Dewey KG. Exclusively breastfed, low birthweight term infants do not need supplemental water. Acta Paediatr 2000;89:550-552.
  • Zinc Investigators' Collaborative Group (Bhuta ZA, Bird SM, Black RE, Brown KH,
    Gardner JM, Hidayat A, Khatun F, Martorell R, Ninh NX, Penny ME, Rosado JL, Roy SK, Ruel M, Sazawal S, Shankar A). Therapeutic effects of oral zinc in acute and persistent diarrhea in children in developing countries: pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72(6): 1516-1522.
  • Brown KH, Wuehler SE (eds.). Zinc and Human Health: Results of Recent Trials and Implications for Program Interventions and Research. The Micronutrient Initiative, Ottawa, Canada, 2000.
  • Hotz C, Brown KH. Identifying populations at risk of zinc deficiency: the use of supplementation trials. Nut Rev 2001;59: 80-84.
  • Brown KH, Wuehler SE, Peerson JM. The importance of zinc in human nutrition and estimation of the global prevalence of zinc deficiency. Fod Nutr Bull 2001;22: 113-125.
  • Rivera JA, Gonzalez-Cossio T., Flores M, Romero M, Rivera M, Tellez-Rojo MM, Rosada JL, Brown KH. Multiple micronutrient supplementation increases the growth of Mexican infants. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74: 657-664.
  • Brown KH. A rational approach to feeding infants and young children with acute diarrhea. In: Lifschitz CH, ed, Pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition in clinical practice. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2001.
  • Brown, K. H., Peerson, J. M., Rivera, J., & Allen, L. H. Effect of supplemental zinc on the growth and serum zinc concentrations of prepubertal children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75: 1062-1071.
  • Brown KH, Peerson JM, Kimmons JE, Hotz C. Options for achieving adequate intake from home-prepared complementary food in low income countries. In: Black RE, Michaelsen KF, eds., Public Health Issues in Infant and Child Nutrition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp. 239-256, 2002.
  • Lopez de Romaña D, Brown KH, Guinard J-X. Sensory trial to assess the acceptability of zinc fortificants added to iron-fortified wheat products. J Food Sci 2002; 67: 461-465.
  • Brown KH, Peerson JM, Rivera J, Allen LH. Effect of supplemental zinc on the growth and serum zinc concentrations of prepubertal children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 75:1062–1071.
  • Brown KH. Diarrhea and malnutrition. J Nutr 2003; 133:328S-332S.
  • Haskell MJ, Lembcke JL, Salazar M, Green MH, Peerson JM, Brown KH. Population-based plasma kinetics of an oral dose of [2H4] retinyl acetate among preschool-aged, Peruvian children 1-3. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77:681-686.
  • Dewey KG, Brown KH. Update on technical issues concerning complementary feeding of young children in developing countries and implications for intervention programs. Food Nutr 2003; Bull 24:5-28.
  • Ruel MT, Brown KH, Caulfied LE. Moving forward with complementary feeding: Indicators and
    research priorities. FCND Discussion Paper No. 146. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2003.
  • Hotz C, Lowe NM, Araya M, Brown KH. Assessment of the trace element status of individuals and populations: The example of zinc and copper. J Nutr 2003; 133:1563S-1568S.
  • Lopez de Romaña, D, Lönnerdal B, Brown, KH. Absorption of zinc from wheat products fortified with iron and either zinc sulfate or zinc oxide. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78:279-283.
  • Brown KH. Commentary: Zinc and child growth. Intl J Epidemiol 2003;32:000-000.
  • Hotz C, Peerson JM, Brown KH. Suggested lower cutoffs of serum zinc concentrations for assessing zinc status: reanalysis of the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (1976-1980). Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78:756-764.
  • Arsenault JE, Brown KH. Zinc intake of US preschool children exceeds new dietary reference intakes. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78:1011-1017.
  • Mendoza C, Peerson JM, Brown KH, Lnnerdal B. Effect of a micronutrient fortificant mixture and 2 amounts of calcium of iron and zinc absorption from a processed food supplement1-3. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:244-250.
  • Penny ME, Marin RM, Duran A, Peerson JM, Lanata CF, Lnnerdal B, Black RE, Brown, KH Randomized, controlled trial of the effect of daily supplementation with zinc or multiple micronutrients on morbidity, growth, and micronutrient status of young, Peruvian children. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:457-465.
  • Hotz C, Brown KH (eds.). Assessment of the risk of zinc deficiency in populations and options for its control. Food Nutr Bull 2004;25:S94.
  • Dewey KG, Cohen RJ, Brown KH. Exclusive breast-feeding for 6 months, with iron supplementation, maintains adequate micronutrient status among term, low birthweight, breast-fed infants in Honduras. J Nutr 2004;134:1091-1098.
  • Haskell MJ, Jamil KM, Hassan F, Peerson JM, Hossain, MI, Fuchs GJ, Brown KH. Daily consumption of Indian Spinach (Basella alba) or sweet potatoes has a positive impact on total body vitamin A stores of Bangladeshi men. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80:705-714.
  • Kimmons JE, Dewey KG, Haque E, Chakraborty MS, Osendarp SJM, Brown KH. Behavior-change trials to assess the feasibility of improving complementary feeding practices and micronutrient intake of infants in rural Bangladesh. Food Nutr Bull 2004; 25:228-238.
  • Dewey KG, Hawck MG, Brown KH, Lartey A, Cohen RJ, Peerson JM. Infant weight-for-length is positively associated with subsequent linear growth across four different populations. Mat Child Nutr 2005; 1:11-20.
  • Haskell MJ, Pandey P, Graham JM, Peerson JM, Shrestha RK, Brown KH. Recovery from impaired dark adaptation in nightblind pregnant Nepali women who receive small doses of vitamin A as amaranth leaves, carrots, goat liver, vitamin A-fortified Ultra-riceTM or retinyl palmitate. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 81:461-471.
  • Kimmons JE, Dewey KG, Peerson JM, Haque E, Chakraborty J, Osendarp SJM, Brown KH. Low nutrient intakes among infants in rural Bangladesh are attributable to low intake and micronutrient density of complementary foods. J Nutr 2005; 135:444-451.
  • Lopez de Romaña D, Salazar M, Hambidge KM, Penny ME, Peerson JM, Krebs N, Brown KH. Longitudinal measurements of zinc absorption by Peruvian children consuming wheat products fortified with iron only or iron and one of two levels of zinc. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 81:637-647.
  • Jones KM, Specio SE, Shrestha P, Brown KH, Allen LH. Nutrition knowledge and practices, and consumption in vitamin A-rich plants by rural Nepali participants and nonparticipants in a kitchen-garden program. Food Nutr Bull 2005; 26:198-208.
  • Papathakis PC, Rollins NC, Brown KH, Bennish ML, Van Loan MD. Comparison of isotope dilution with bioimpedance spectroscopy and anthropometry for assessment of body composition in asymptomatic HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected breastfeeding mothers. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 82:538-546.
  • Wuehler SE, Peerson JM, Brown KH. Use of national food balance data to estimate the adequacy of zinc in national food supplies: methodology and regional estimates. Pub Hlth Nutr 2005; 8:812-819.
  • Graham JM, Peerson JM, Haskell MJ, Shrestha RK, Brown KH, Allen LH. Erythrocyte riboflavin for the detection of riboflavin deficiency in pregnant Nepali women. Clin Chem 2005; 51: 2162-2165
  • Islam MM, Peerson JM, Ahmed T, Dewey KG, Brown KH. Effects of varied energy density of complementary foods on breast-milk intakes and total energy consumption by healthy, breastfed Bangladeshi children. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83:851-858.
  • Heinig MJ, Brown KH, Lönnerdal B, Dewey KG. Zinc supplementation does not affect growth, morbidity, or motor development of US term breastfed infants at 4-10 mo of age. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84:594-601.
  • Papathakis PC, Van Loan MD, Rollins NC, Chantry CJ, Bennish ML, Brown KH. Body composition changes during lactation in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected South African women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006; 43:467-74.
  • Papathakis PC, Rollins NC, Chantry CJ, Bennish ML, Brown KH. Micronutrient status during lactation in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected South African women during the first 6 mo after delivery. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85:182-92.
  • Brown KH, López de Romaña DL, Arsenault JE, Peerson JM, Penny ME. Comparison of the effects of zinc delivered in a fortified food or a liquid supplement on the growth, morbidity, and plasma zinc concentrations of young Peruvian children. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85:538-47.
  • Graham JM, Haskell MJ, Pandey P, Shrestha RK, Brown KH, Allen LH. Supplementation with iron and riboflavin enhances dark adaptation response to vitamin A-fortified rice in iron-deficient, pregnant, nightblind Nepali women. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85:1375-84.
  • Adu-Afarwuah S, Lartey A, Brown KH, Zlotkin S, Briend A, Dewey KG. Randomized comparison of 3 types of micronutrient supplements for home fortification of complementary foods in Ghana: effects on growth and motor development. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 86:412-20.
  • Arsenault JE, Havel PJ, López de Romaña D, Penny ME, Van Loan MD, Brown KH. Longitudinal measures of circulating leptin and ghrelin concentrations are associated with the growth of young Peruvian children but are not affected by zinc supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 86:1111-1119.
  • Rudan I, Gibson J, Kapiriri L, Lansang MA, Hyder AA, Lawn J, Darmstadt GL, Cousens S, Bhutta ZA, Brown KH, Hess SY, Black M, Gardner JM, Webster J, Carneiro I, Chandramohan D, Kosek M, Lanata CF, Tomlinson M, Chopra M, Ameratunga S, Campbell H, Arifeen SE, Black RE. (Editorial) Setting priorities in global child health research investments: Assessment of principles and practice. Editorial. Croat Med J 2007; 48:595-604.
  • Brown KH, Wessells KR, Hess SY. Zinc bioavailability from zinc-fortified foods. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2007; 77: 174-181.
  • Arsenault JE, López de Romaña D, Penny ME, Van Loan MD, Brown KH. Additional zinc delivered in a liquid supplement, but not a fortified porridge, increased fat-free mass accrual among young Peruvian children with mild-to-moderate stunting. J Nutr 2008; 138: 108-114.
  • Wuehler SE, Sempértegui F, Brown KH. Dose-response trial of prophylactic zinc supplements, with or without copper, in young Ecuadorian children at risk of zinc deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87: 723-733.
  • Adu-Afarwuah S, Lartey A, Brown KH, Zlotkin S, Briend A, Dewey KG. Home fortification of complementary foods with micronutrient supplements is well accepted and has positive effects on infant iron status in Ghana. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87: 929-938.
  • Chung CS, Stookey J, Dare D, Welch R, Nguyen TQ, Roehl R, Peerson JM, King JC, Brown KH. Current dietary zinc intake has greater impact on fractional zinc absorption than longer-term zinc consumption in healthy adult men. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87: 1224-1229.
  • Siddiqui AR, Gold EB, Yang X, Lee K, Brown KH, Bhutta ZA. Prenatal exposure to wood fuel smoke and low birth weight. Environ Health Perspect 2008; 116: 543-549.
  • Yang Z, Dewey KG, Lönnerdal B, Hernell O, Chaparro C, Adu-Afarwuah S, McLean ED, Cohen RJ, Domellöf M, Allen LH, Brown KH. Comparison of plasma ferritin concentration with the ratio of plasma transferrin receptor to ferritin in estimating body iron stores: results of 4 intervention trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87: 1892-1898.
  • Brown KH, Hess SY, Boy E, Gibson RS, Horton, S, Osendarp SJ, Sempertegui F, Shrimpton R, Rudan I. Setting priorities for zinc-related health research to reduce children’s disease burden worldwide: an application of the CHNRI research priority-setting method. Pub Health Nutr 2008; 12:389-396.
  • Islam MM, Khatun M, Peerson JM, Ahmed T, Mollah MAH, Dewey KG, Brown KH. Effects of energy density and feeding frequency of complementary foods on total daily energy intakes and consumption of breast milk by healthy, breastfed Bangladeshi children. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 88:84-94.
  • Gibson RS, Hess SY, Hotz C, Brown KH. Indicators of zinc status at the population level: A review of the evidence. Brit J Nutr 2008; 99:S14-S23.
  • Brown KH. Complementary feeding. In: Duggan C, Watkins JB, Walker WA, eds, Nutrition in Pediatrics: Basic Science and Clinical Applications. Hamilton, Ontario: BC Decker Inc., pp. 411-416, 2008.
  • Rudan I, Gibson JL, Ameratunga S, El Arifeen S, Bhutta ZA, Black M, Black RE, Brown KH, Campbell H, Carneiro I, Chan KY, Chandramohan D, Chopra M, Cousens S, Darmstadt GL, Gardner JM, Hess SY, Hyder AA, Kapiriri L, Kosek M, Lanata CF, Lansang MA, Lawn J, Tomlinson M, Tsai AC, Webster J, on behalf of Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI). Setting priorities in global child health research investments: Guidelines for implementation of the CHNRI method. Croat Med J 2008; 49: 720-33.
  • Siddiqui AR, Lee K, Bennett D, Yang X, Brown KH, Bhutta ZAB, Gold EB. Kitchen carbon monoxide and PM2.5 concentrations by cooking fuel in a village of semi-rural Pakistan. Indoor Air, 2009; 19: 75-82.
  • Hess SY, Lönnerdal B, Hotz C, Rivera JA, Brown KH. Recent advances in knowledge on zinc nutrition and human health. Food Nutr Bull 2009; 30:S5-S11.
  • Brown KH, Peerson JM, Baker SK, Hess SY. Preventive zinc supplementation among infants, pre-schoolers, and older pre-pubertal children. Food Nutr Bull 2009; 30: S12-S40.
  • Hess SY, Brown KH. Zinc fortification. Food Nutr Bull 2009; 30: S79-S107.
  • Brown KH, Engle-Stone R, Krebs NF, Peerson JM. Dietary intervention strategies to enhance zinc nutrition: Promotion and support of breast feeding for infants and young children. Food Nutr Bull 2009; 30: S144-S171.
  • Brown KH, Baker SK, and the IZiNCG Steering Committee. Galvanizing action: Conclusions and next steps for mainstreaming zinc interventions in public health programs. Food Nutr Bull 2009; 30: S179-S184.
  • Yang Z, Lönnerdal B, Adu-Afarwuah S, Brown KH, Chaparro CM, Cohen RJ, Domellöf M, Hernell O, Lartey A, Dewey KG. Prevalence and predictors of iron deficiency in fully breastfed infants at 6 mo of age: comparison of data from 6 studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89:1433-40.